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According to the solar cell by using different materials, can be divided into: the department of silicon solar cells, multiple compound film solar cells, multi-layer polymer-modified electrode solar cells, nano-crystalline solar cells of the four major categories, including the department of silicon solar cells is the most Mature, the application of UN-led status.

Department of silicon solar cells

   Department of silicon solar cells are divided into single crystal silicon solar cells, polysilicon thin film amorphous silicon solar cells and solar cells in three.

   Monocrystalline silicon solar cells

   At present, single crystal silicon photovoltaic solar cells conversion efficiency is of 15% to a maximum of 24%, which is currently all kinds of solar cells in the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency, also the most mature technology, however production costs a lot.So It also can not be a large number of broad and general use. As the general use of silicon resin for water-proof glass, as well as packaging, so rugged, life in general up to 15-25 years.

    Polycrystalline silicon solar cells

    Polysilicon solar cell production process  similar as single crystal silicon solar cells, but it's polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic solar cells conversion efficiency will be a lot lower, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of about 12% (July 1, 2004 Japan Sharp efficiency of the market for 14.8 percent of the world's highest efficiency silicon solar cells). From the production cost, than the single crystal silicon solar cells to a number of cheap, simple materials, to save power consumption, lower overall production costs, thus a large number of development. In addition, the polycrystalline silicon solar battery life is also shorter than the single crystal silicon solar cells.

    Polycrystalline silicon solar cell production need to consume a large amount of high-purity silicon materials, and manufacturing process complexity of these materials, a large power consumption in the production of solar cells in the total cost has been super-half. In addition, the single crystal silicon rod drawn column, the production of solar cells is also a slice wafer, the composition of the solar plane component of a low utilization rate. As a result, the 1980s, a number of countries in Europe and America into a polycrystalline silicon solar cell development.

         Amorphous silicon thin film solar cells

         Amorphous silicon thin film solar cells with single crystal silicon and polycrystalline silicon solar cell production method is completely different, and greatly simplify the process, very little silicon material consumption, lower power consumption, light weight, low cost, high efficiency, ease of large The scale of production, its main advantage is in low light conditions can also generate electricity, has great potential. Amorphous silicon solar cells, but the main problems photoelectric conversion efficiency is low, the current international advanced level for about 10%, and the lack of stability, with the extension of the time, the conversion efficiency of decay has a direct impact on its practical application. If you can solve problems and improve the stability of the conversion rate, then the sun can be amorphous silicon cell is the main development of solar products.

         Chemical nanocrystalline solar cell

         In the Department of solar cell,silicon solar cells is the most mature. But because of high costs, is far from meeting the large-scale application. To this end, it has been in technology, new materials, thin film battery technology in such areas to explore, among which the development of new nano-crystalline TiO2 solar cell chemical subject to the attention of scientists at home and abroad.

         since the professor Gratzel(Switzerland) successful development of nanotechnology, a chemical TiO2 solar cells.  Chemical nanocrystalline solar cells (the cells NPC) by a band gap semiconductor material modification, the assembly to another big gap on the formation of semiconductor materials, narrow band gap semiconductor materials using transition metals such as Ru, and Os of organic compounds Dye-sensitized, the bandgap semiconductor materials for nano-TiO2 and made of polycrystalline electrodes, in addition to the battery NPC also choose to restore a proper oxide electrolyte.